Missed Ureteral Stents and Related Problems

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The author has reported the management of a large group of forgotten ureteral stents. The paper has a capacity to remind the complications of missed stents. The paper entitled " Combined Percutaneous and Transurethral Lithotripsy for Forgotten Ureteral Stents with Giant En-crustation " has been written apparently (1). The author has mentioned by endourological procedures, the success would be achieved in the majority of patients but precluding the mistakes is advised. Nowadays the usage of ureteral stent in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous urologic diseases is mandatory ; as a result, its complications would be increased. Ureteral stent is used frequently in urologic procedures especially following a complicated TUL. The evaluation and solution of these concomitant complications are requisite. Some prudent manners should be considered during the procedure and after that the surgeon should be careful not to use force while inserting the ureteral stent. The patient should imbibe high fluid to prevent UTI and encrustation. It is recommended to prescribe prophy-lactic antibiotic which can prevent UTI. Active or symptomatic infection must be treated forthwith, for avoiding septicemia and encrustation of the stent. Forgotten ure-teral stents is a dilemma. Migration, perforation of uri-nary tract, penetration to adjacent organs, malposition, UTI, ureteral erosion or fistulization, encrustation, stone formation, and fractured stent are the other major complications (2, 3). Stony stent or complete stent encrustation is a serious complication of prolonged missed ureteral stent and it often needs to be managed by endoscopic techniques. However, open surgery is the final option. Occasionally, forgotten ureteral stents can create a medicolegal problem. In one study Diamond-like carbon coating surface effectively decreased encrustation tendencies of the stent (4). Because of the serious complications of Stony stent or complete stent encrustation, it is important to manage in a discreet manner. According to the indication and physician experience, the stent would be placed for a short or long period of time. Many manufacturers usually recommend the stent exchanging at a 3-to 6 month intervals. It has shown the